As we all know, diamond is the hardest substance in the world and is widely utilized in many industries and fields. Currently, in the mechanical and machine tool industry, diamonds are made into cutting tools used on machine tools, solving some difficult-to-machine materials such as hard alloys, cubic boron nitride tools, ceramic tools, high-speed steel tools, etc. that require high surface brightness, smoothness, high precision, high hardness, and difficult-to-machine materials when machining workpieces.
Diamond tools have high hardness, high compressive strength, good thermal conductivity, high wear resistance, extremely low friction coefficient, and super high brightness.
They can achieve high machining accuracy and improve machining efficiency in high-speed cutting processes.
Performance indicators of diamond tools:
The hardness of polycrystalline diamond tools (PCD cutting tools) can reach 8000HV, which is 8-12 times that of hard alloys.
The thermal conductivity of polycrystalline diamond tools (PCD cutting tools) is 700W/mK, which is 1.5-9 times that of hard alloys, and even higher than PCBN and copper. Therefore, PCD cutting tools can conduct heat quickly and have high red hardness at high temperatures.
The friction coefficient of diamond tools (PCD cutting tools) is generally only 0.1-0.3 (the friction coefficient of hard alloys is 0.4-1), so PCD cutting tools can significantly reduce cutting forces.
The thermal expansion coefficient of diamond tools (PCD cutting tools) is only 0.9 × 10^-6 to 1.18 × 10^-6, which is only equivalent to 1/5 of hard alloys. Therefore, PCD cutting tools have small thermal deformation and high machining accuracy.
The affinity between diamond tools (PCD cutting tools) and non-ferrous metals and non-metallic materials is very small, and the chips are not easy to bond on the tip of the tool to form chip lumps during machining.
At present, materials suitable for diamond tool machining are roughly divided into three categories: non-ferrous metal materials, non-metal materials, and composite materials.
The details of the materials are as follows:
Non-ferrous metal materials are further divided into copper and copper alloys, silicon aluminum alloys, aluminum and aluminum alloys, lead alloys, Babbitt alloys, zinc alloys, etc.
Non-metallic materials include carbon fiber reinforced plastics, alumina, silicon carbide, polyurethane, organic glass, graphite, sintered ceramics, electrical wood, ceramics, epoxy resin, glass, glass ceramics, soft rubber, nylon products, etc.
Composite materials include asbestos, epoxy glass fiber, carbon filling materials, nylon filling materials, phenolic filling materials, PVC filling materials, silicate filling materials, glass steel, etc.
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