In recent decades, some industrially developed countries have particularly emphasized the production and application of poly crystal diamond compact (PDC). They are competing in the development and production of various types and specifications, which are gradually becoming popular due to their excellent performance and wide range of applications.
High Hardness and Wear Resistance
The hardness reaches HV7500-9000, second only to diamond, and it is much harder than cemented carbide and engineering ceramics. The hardness and wear resistance are consistent in all directions without the need for orientation. Supported by high-toughness cemented carbide, the composite flexural strength can reach 1500Mpa.
Wear resistance is generally 60-80 times that of cemented carbide, especially high in cutting high-hardness non-metallic materials.
Low Friction Coefficient
The friction coefficient of poly crystal diamond with some non-ferrous metals is lower than that of other materials, about half that of cemented carbide. A low friction coefficient reduces cutting force and deformation, prevents the formation of built-up edges, and reduces the roughness of the machined surface.
High Thermal Conductivity
The thermal conductivity of poly crystal diamond is much higher than that of silver, copper, and general cemented carbide. During the cutting process, cutting heat is easily dissipated, resulting in lower cutting temperatures and improved tool durability.
High Machining Precision
Due to the low thermal expansion coefficient and high elastic modulus of poly crystal diamond, the tool is not easily deformed during cutting, maintaining its original parameters and sharpness for a long time. Therefore, using diamond composite tool inserts for machining ensures high precision and a good machined surface.
With the development of science and technology, the technical level of producing poly crystal diamond materials has significantly improved, forming a certain scale of production and application. Poly crystal diamond has become an ideal material for manufacturing cutting tools, drilling bits, and other wear-resistant tools. Its main applications include:
Poly Crystal Diamond Compact Cutting Tools
In metal cutting technology, improving tool materials has more potential to increase cutting efficiency and reduce cutting costs than any other process change. Therefore, to continuously improve production efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance product competitiveness, industrially developed countries are vigorously researching and developing new tool materials. Driven by this understanding, new tool materials, high-efficiency new products, and new manufacturing processes continually emerge abroad.
Currently, the variety of super-hard material tools is constantly increasing, including not only turning tools, boring tools, reamers, milling cutters, and forming tools but also some tools for manufacturing gears. At the same time, production volume is also increasing.
With the rapid development of the automotive manufacturing industry and the woodworking market and the increasing popularity of CNC machine tools, machining centers, and automatic production lines, the production and application of PDC super-hard tools have grown rapidly. The use of various PDC inserts is becoming more widespread, and their tool durability is dozens of times higher than that of cemented carbide tools, with much lower tool costs during machining.
Poly Crystal Diamond Compact Drilling Bits
Diamond composite blades used in drilling bits can significantly improve drilling efficiency, making it an ideal bit material for drilling medium-hard and hard rock formations. Compared with other bits, PDC bits offer high efficiency, simplicity, and durability, featuring extended lifespans—10-30 times that of cemented carbide bits under the same conditions. In the drilling process, they can significantly reduce the number of bit trips and improve efficiency. Moreover, diamond composite bits have a wide range of rock adaptability, playing an important role in improving the technical level of oil drilling in our country.
Poly Crystal Diamond Drawing Dies
Poly crystal diamond drawing dies are widely used in the wire drawing industry. Compared with other dies, they offer higher hardness and wear resistance, excellently controlling wire accuracy, and a good surface finish with high production efficiency and low cost, making them very cost-effective. They are successfully used for drawing copper, aluminum, nickel, and other non-ferrous metals, stainless steel, and various alloy wires.
Wear-Resistant Devices
Studies on the physical and mechanical properties of poly crystal diamond indicate that the friction coefficient of diamond composite materials with steel is similar to that of natural diamonds. Therefore, poly crystal diamond compacts are extensively used in manufacturing parts with higher wear resistance requirements, replacing cemented carbide and natural diamonds. For example, they are used on surfaces requiring high wear resistance, such as V-groove surfaces or in molds and fixtures that demand high wear resistance or low roughness, leading to excellent results.
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