Diamond micro powder, a unique and diverse material, plays a critical role in multiple fields. It mainly includes three categories: monocrystalline diamond micro powder, polycrystalline diamond micro powder, and nanodiamond micro powder. These micropowders, with their excellent hardness and wear resistance, play crucial roles in industrial fields such as cutting, grinding, and drilling. Additionally, they are indispensable ideal raw materials for polishing high-hardness materials such as hard alloys, ceramics, gemstones, and optical glass.
Monocrystalline diamond micro powder is made from synthetic diamond monocrystal abrasive grains through high-pressure static synthesis, followed by fine crushing and shaping processes, combined with the special production technology of superhard materials. This micropowder retains the monocrystalline properties of diamonds, with its crystal morphology being regular and complete hexa-octahedral, demonstrating high strength and toughness as well as excellent thermal stability and impact resistance.
Monocrystalline diamond micro powder, with its unique crystal morphology and excellent physical properties, plays a key role in the manufacturing of electroplated products, grinding wheels, and abrasive wheels. It is also suitable for polishing and carving high-grade stone, as well as for the fine processing of automotive glass, high-end furniture, ceramics, hard alloys, and magnetic materials. Additionally, this micropowder is an ideal choice for polishing hard alloys, ceramics, gemstones, optical glass, and other high-hardness materials.
On the other hand, polycrystalline diamond micro powder is synthesized by converting graphite into diamond with a carbonado-like structure at the moment of explosion under high temperature and high pressure. This micropowder consists of numerous microcrystals smaller than 100 nanometers, sharing crystal faces, with structural defects within the grains. These characteristics ensure that polycrystalline diamond does not cause deep scratches on the workpiece during processing.
Moreover, the microcrystals on its surface continuously peel off under pressure, exposing new cutting edges, thus enabling the fast grinding and polishing of high-hardness special materials. Compared to ordinary diamond products, polycrystalline diamond achieves 2-4 times higher removal rates on high-hardness special materials without causing scratches during processing.
Polycrystalline diamond micro powder finds unique applications in fields such as the processing of chip optical crystals, ultraprecise polishing of large silicon wafers, and surface modification technologies. This micropowder appears gray-black with a metallic luster, and its particles exhibit a porous structure with sharp cutting edges. After grinding and polishing, the surface roughness (Ra value) is significantly reduced, making it excellent for the precision grinding and polishing of hard and brittle materials such as sapphire, silicon carbide crystals, and ceramics.
Nanodiamond micro powder, made from microcrystalline diamond particles with diameters smaller than 20 nanometers, is meticulously crafted using a unique detonation synthesis process, resulting in nearly spherical particles with surfaces rich in functional groups. Compared to monocrystalline diamond, its specific surface area is significantly higher by an order of magnitude. This micropowder not only inherits the excellent hardness and grinding performance of diamonds but also integrates the novel features of nanofunctional materials, thereby broadening its application fields.
Nanodiamond micro powder, owing to its unique properties, has found extensive applications in multiple fields. Firstly, it performs excellently in fine grinding and polishing, suitable for ultra-fine processing of quartz, optical glass, semiconductors, alloys, and metal surfaces, significantly reducing surface roughness (Ra value) to 2-8 nm.
Additionally, nanodiamonds show promising potential in the medical field, serving as biological carriers for medical research and as wear-resistant coatings for artificial bones and joints, effectively extending their lifespan. Moreover, this micropowder is also an ideal choice for preparing high thermal conductivity packaging materials, poised to become a new type of electronic packaging material with low thermal expansion coefficient and high thermal conductivity.
In the future, the diamond micro powder industry will develop towards more refined, specialized, and functional directions. Firstly, with the continuous emergence of new energy, new materials, and new technologies, the diamond tool manufacturing field is putting forward more differentiated demands on the performance of its processing tools, thereby promoting the continuous expansion of the specialized diamond micro powder market. For example, specialized diamond micro powder suitable for composite sheets and wire saws has been developed.
Secondly, the intelligent development of production equipment is also an important trend in the industry. Although automated grading equipment is widely used in domestic diamond micro powder production, it lacks online particle size detection functions and cannot achieve more intelligent continuous production. Therefore, fully automated, high-speed, high-precision sorting equipment with low labor costs will become mainstream in the future.
Additionally, the development of ultrafine, ultrapure, ultra-precision, and surface-modified diamond micro powder is also an important direction in the industry. Due to its high strength, high hardness, and high wear resistance, diamond micro powder plays an important role in precision grinding and polishing.
However, it tends to aggregate due to impurities and moisture, affecting precision polishing effectiveness. To meet the transformation and upgrade needs of the downstream market, diamond micro powder needs to further refine its structure, improve self-sharpening properties, and reduce cutting damage. This includes producing diamond micro powder with concentrated grain size, low impurity content, good morphology roundness, and specially treated surfaces.
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